Identifying the Distribution and Frequency of Dust Storms in Iran Based on Long-Term Observations from over 400 Weather Stations

Middle Eastern countries suffer from dust events due to extended arid areas. Among them, Iran is a country experiencing high record of each year causing major environmental challenges. Although there are previous studies the present situations storm occurrences in Iran, most have analyzed meteorological dataset limited weather stations and areas Iran. To understand nationwide trends distributions frequencies events, comprehensive statistical evaluations based on different categories, required. Therefore, this study analyzes 12-year databases obtained at 427 clarify distribution occurrence recent decade by classifying into suspended dust, rising storm. The highest days belongs which surpassed 150 per year, followed with over 100 and, finally, storms frequency 30 as annual statistics events. In contrast, were some that recorded minimal during observation periods. prove spatial nonuniformity showed distinct concentration western regions country, while tended occur more frequently southern, eastern, central parts Accordingly, seasonal analyses indicate number occurred spring season, being greater than other seasons all three categories. Nonetheless, do not demonstrate any significant trends, only 2012 having across terms monthly analyses, increase late early summer These importance studying numerous station datasets long-term variations.